When to add 'rice hulls' to the mash

Using Rice Hulls in Your Mash The Secret to Avoiding a Stuck Sparge

Have you ever had a stuck sparge when there's simply no wort exiting the tun? What a way to slow down your brew day! Sure, you can give your mash grain a bit of stir and try and remove the blockage and get going again, but what if you could add something to the mash to prevent another stuck sparge? Enter the use of rice hulls.

🌾What Are Rice Hulls?

Key Takeaway:A Natural Filtration Aid

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Rice hulls are the hard, protective exterior layers of grains of rice. When rice is harvested for food, the hulls are cast off. Once these hulls have been washed and dried (which removes any potential flavor and color), they can be used as a natural, inert filtration agent for getting the wort out of the mash.

They work by creating physical space around the otherwise sticky and clumpy mash particles, especially those from wheat, oats, or rye. This creates a more porous filter bed, allowing the sweet wort to flow freely out of the mash tun during the lauter. Given they do not add any flavour to the wort and are pretty cheap to buy, rice hulls are an excellent solution to a brewer's need to prevent a stuck sparge.

🤔Why Use Them in High Gravity Beers?

Key Takeaway:To Combat Gummy Mashes

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High gravity beers are beers with a higher concentration of fermentable sugars in the wort, which results in a higher alcohol content. These beers require a larger amount of grains, which can lead to a thicker mash that is more prone to compacting.

Furthermore, specialty malts like wheat and rye, which are common in many beer styles, have higher levels of protein and beta-glucans. These beta-glucans are gummy, long-chain polysaccharides that significantly increase the viscosity of the wort, making it thick and difficult to filter. Rice hulls, being an inert material, can be added to the mash to physically prevent the grains from compacting and clumping together, thereby improving the filterability of the wort.

⚖️How Much Rice Hulls Should I Add?

Key Takeaway:~5% of Your Total Grain Bill

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Many brewers seem to use hulls at a percentage no greater than 5 percent of the total grain bill. In reality, a common and reliable measure is **1/2 lb (about 227g) per 5-gallon batch**, especially if that batch contains a significant amount of wheat, oats, or rye.

You generally can't use too many, as they are inert, but adding an excessive amount can lead to issues with mash volume in your equipment. Sticking to the 5% rule is a safe and effective bet.

⏰When Do I Add The Hulls?

Key Takeaway:Mix with Your Dry Grains

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When using rice hulls, it is important to add them at the appropriate time to ensure maximum effectiveness. Generally, rice hulls are added to the mash before the hot water infusion, along with the dry grains. As the dry grains and rice hulls are mixed together, the rice hulls will help to create channels within the mash bed, which will improve the flow of water through the grains during the infusion process.

This will help to prevent clumping and ensure that the water is distributed evenly throughout the mash, allowing for proper conversion of the grain starches into fermentable sugars. Adding the rice hulls before the infusion also ensures that they are evenly distributed, which will improve filtration efficiency during lautering.

💡Can I Use Oat Hulls Instead?

Key Takeaway:Yes, They Work the Same Way

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You sure can. Like rice hulls, oat hulls are the shell of the oat grain. Given they are pretty much inedible and no good for making porridge with, they have found other uses as filters. They act in just the same manner as rice hulls and do not impart anything into the wort. They are commonly used when brewing rye or wheat beers, or oatmeal stouts, just like rice hulls.

💧Do Hulls Absorb Water?

Key Takeaway:Yes, So Pre-Soak Them

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Worry? Perhaps that's the wrong word, but if you are the kind of brewer who likes their beer exactly as the recipe demands, then yes, the hulls can absorb water and throw off your mash water volume calculations. So, what to do? Soak them in hot water for a few minutes prior to use so you don't have to even think about it. Given there can be the odd bit of dust in them, it's also a good idea to give them a quick rinse in a colander before soaking.

🦠Do I Need to Sterilize Them?

Key Takeaway:No, the Boil Will Do It

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Some people do, but I really can't see the point. The entire mash, including the hulls, is about to be boiled within an inch of its life in the brewing kettle on top of a gas burner with masses of BTU. This boiling step will effectively kill any bugs or wild yeast that were hiding on the grains or hulls. Rinsing them to remove dust is a good idea, but full sterilization is unnecessary for anything that goes into the mash tun before the boil.

Leave a Comment mash, rice hulls, sparge, wort

↠ Best Grain Mills crusher || 2020 Review

Best mill for crushing beer grains

Have you ever heard the expression, "that's grist for the mill?"

Its origins relate to corn being the grist that was taken to the mill. In the more modern use, grist is something that is useful for a particular purpose. 

This is just an excuse to talk about the best grist mills to mill grain with so that you can brew fabulous beers!

There's a little bit to think about when buying a mill and you should ask yourself the following kinds of questions

• Can the mill handle the volume of grain you want to run through?
• Can you adjust the mill gap to ensure the grains are cracked and not crushed?
• Can you upgrade it as you go along?
• How does it get mounted? Does it need or come with screws?
• How affordable is the unit? 
• Do you plan to use it long-term, what are quality considerations?

Or you can just have a look and compare between these top-rated units:

• Barley Crusher with 7 pound capacity hopper
• Kegco KM11GM-3R Grain Mill
• Ferroday Stainless 2-roller

Here's some specifications of these three handy mills.

The 'Barley Crusher'

The Malt Mill 'Barly Crusher' is Northern Brewer's most popular mill due to it being a high-quality mill that is clean, durable and most importantly, it's hop will help you crush 7 pounds of grain.

Features:

• Solid base fits easily on a standard 6.5 gallon fermenting bucket.
• Adjustable rollers with a .015 to .070 range.
• Materials that will last a lifetime: 1018 Cold Rolled Steel for the rollers, 6061 Aluminum for the mill body and hopper, tool steel for the axles with oil-impregnated bronze bushings.
• 5-inch rollers have a 12 TPI knurl that pulls grain through while leaving the hull intact to form an excellent filter bed for sparging.
• Large hopper holds approximately 7 pounds of grain.
• Includes a hand-crank but no adapters are needed to use a 3/8 drill motor; using a 3/8 drill motor at 500 RPM gives a throughput of 6 pounds a minute.

Genuine Amazon reviews left by happy grain millers:

• "This mill pounds through grain like a champ. There's no going back to my old Corona mill."
• "The malt was nicely crushed, with husks moderately broken up, and endosperms exposed and cracked. My efficiency got a big boost- I got roughly 81% compared to the 63 to 73% I was getting before."
• "Far more than looks, this thing consistently and smoothly grinds my grains. I run the grain through twice and have the husks beautifully unbroken and ready for mashing."
• "Great barley crusher, very fast. This is great for increasing your mash efficiency."

Check the price on Amazon

Kegco KM7GM-2R Grain Mill 

The Kegco KM7GM-2R Grain Mill is a sturdy mill with an aluminium hopper that can hold up to 7 lbs of grains.

Featuring an alloy block frame that houses two steel rollers on stainless steel ball bearings. The drive shaft and all axles are integral to the roller, which makes it possible to drive the mill clockwise or counter-clockwise. 

A traditional hand crank is included, but a handy feature is that the mill can be easily motorized with a drill. No extra parts or attachments are required, you simply attach the drill as you would a drill bit. Charge your drill battery well!

Stainless knurled knobs allow a gap spacing adjustment range of .070". 

This unit is designed to crack grain, not flour.

Adjusting is simple - just loosen the adjustment screws, adjust the gap and tighten the adjustment screws. You will need to supply or build a base to set the mill over a grain bin or 5 gallon bucket. Sounds like a deal!

Check out the price on Amazon

Ferroday Stainless 2-roller Homebrew Grinder

The Ferroday is a no-nonsense mill is made of hardened stainless steel, The roller size is 5" long and 1.25" in diameter and the crank shaft has a 3/8" diameter.

The roller is adjustable so you can select your crush settings. The unit weighs 6.6 pounds.

Check out the price on Amazon

If you've got some questions about using mills, we've got the answers:

Why do I need to mill my grain?

A beer mill allows you to crack your grains right before you brew so that you can retain freshness. Possession of a mill will allow you enable you to purchase more affordable unmilled grain in bulk thus saving you money in the long run.

When should I mill the grain?

It's best to mill your grain as close as possible to brewing day. Many brewers do it a couple of days beforehand so that they don't have to do it on brewing day. It's a long process which just adds to the length of brew days - and those brewers who don't have eight hours on a Saturday to play around with, shorten the process by milling earlier.

If you are unable to actually mill your grain,  you may want to delay your purchase as long as possible so that you can be confident that you have the freshest grains. If you are happy buying milled grain, then you may want to consider investing in a wort chiller or decent mash tun as they are crucial to brewing success.

Coarse or finely milled grain milling?

A grain mill that is appropriate for crushing barley for a mash is usually referred to as a 'grist mill'.

The mill needs to be set 'open' enough that the husk of the barley seed will crack open, but will not be torn apart. The goal of milling is to crack the grain kernels open, rather than pulverizing them into dust. By leaving the husks intact they serve as a filter bed during the sparge process.

Should you grind the grain much too finely, you run the risk of developing a stuck sparge, where the wort will not flow as intended through the grain.

Where should I mill grain?

Most brewers choose to mill outside, over a big bucket. The mess can begin when you dump the grain out of its sack - and that alone can justify your decision to mill outside!

Can I mash grain without a mill?

If you find yourself without a mill, you can try using a rolling pin. The rolling pin should at least crack the grain open. You might try crushing the grain on top of a thin towel.

The towel will stop the grain from rolling around while you try to crush it. This 'rolling pin method' is very time consuming so I'd personally discount it as a method for the long term. 

Many a brave brewer has used a food processor and you can give it a whirl but be wary of over-processing the grain.

Can I use the KitchenAid grain mill attachment? 

The electric KitchenAid mixers are a very popular family based home appliance - and a separately purchased mill attachment may be used to mill grain. It is however designed to mill flour for baking.

Does it work is the real question?

The answer is that results may vary but you can use it.

Common brewer complaints about the Kitchenaid attachment are that is has a small hopper so it can be a timely exercise and it can be difficult to arrange a bucket under the attachment to collect the milled grain. Brewers who successfully use the item advise that one should not set the grain too fine and set it so the malt is barely cracked.

We the attachment will work best with the 600 watt Kitchen Aid mixer rather than the 325 watt unit. 

How can I hook my drill up to the mill?

It's a simple trick to use your ordinary handyman drill to get the mill turning over. Here's a great example of how to set up the drill - et voila you suddenly have an electric mill:

Can I interest you in a ph Meter or the best burner for brewing with?

What about tips on keeping weevils from beer grain?

No? What about the recipe for making your own PBW cleaner? Kegco also make a handy 5 gallon keg. 

Leave a Comment barley, buyer's guide, grain, grain mill, grist, lauter, malt mill, milling, sparge

>> Best mash tuns for sparge & lautering

Tuns.

Not tons.

Nor tonnes.

But tuns.

Mash Tuns.

Though it's pronounced ton.

What the heck is a mash tun and why do I need one for brewing beer?

The mash tun is the vessel in which the mashing of the grain is conducted. The 'grain bill' is heated with hot water.

This process of mashing causes the enzymes in the malt to break down the grain's starch. The starch is reduced into the sugars which form the malty liquid we all know as 'wort'.

So how is important in preparing a good wort is a mash tun?

If you want the efficient extraction of the wort from your grains, you need to be able to sparge efficiently, and a well set up mash tun will do just that.

Many brewers like to make their own mash tun from manufactured coolers and simply add a false bottom to assist with the lautering process (removing the wort from the mash) but if you just want to get on with, here's a few mash tuns that we recommend:

• Northern Brew's lauter ton  
• Igloo mash tun
• Brewer's Edge Mash and Boil

Northern Brewer's tun

• Argiuably the most affordable mash/lauter tun in all-grain brewing
• Loaded with brewing power for superior sparging and exceptional efficiency
• Featuring Fermenter’s Favorites™ Cooler with an expanded full capacity of 11.7 gallons
• Includes the new Titan Stainless Steel 11.5" False Bottom
• Includes Bronze Ball Valve Cooler Kit with Barbed Hose Fittings, plus tubing

Reviews of the Northern Brewer tun:

"This is a nice product for the money. I've moved from extract brewing to all grain and didn't want to break the bank when it came to purchasing a mash tun. This one fit the bill! The size is decent and it's easy to put together and tear down. This makes cleaning a snap. It's light and easy to more around, and it holds its temperature quite well. I've brewed four batches of beer with it and look forward to using it for the next batch."

"Just finished my first brew. Everything was straightforward to assemble and easy to use so long as you know what you're doing. Excited to brew more with these."

"Got to use this for the first time last weekend while brewing my first all grain batch with my brew club. I have never produced a better beer than what I have with this. I would highly recommend this for anyone looking to take the next step in their brewing adventure."

If you think these reviews from real brewers have merit, check out more on Amazon.

Igloo Mash Tun

An almost iconic mash tun, due to the Igloo's almost universal recognition amongst brewers and Powerade drinkers alike and maybe the fact it kind of looks like a Baywatch lifeguard?

The Igloo comes as the following specs:

• 10 gallon mash ton
• Perfect for 5 to 10 gallon batches
• All metal is stainless steel
• 12" false bottom
• Upgraded leak free design

While it's no Pamela Anderson, Igloo boast you "will notice barely any temperature loss throughout your 1hr+ mash" which seems the whole point of having a quality mash tun and this reviewer confirmed it "It works perfectly. I've used it twice with no temperature loss in a 60 minute mash at 152 degrees."

Check out the price on Amazon.

Brewer's Edge' Mash and Boil

Listen up fellas, Big Jim just rode into town so pay attention.

The Brewer’s Edge Mash and Boil transforms brewing day, making all grain brewing easy and affordable. If you want to compare this to

No need for an outdoor gas burner, a complicated brewing stand, or a 220 volt special circuit - the unit plugs into any 110 volt GFI household outlet.

Constructed with a double wall stainless construction, it is designed to conserve heat to achieve a rolling boil with only 110 volts and 1600 watts.

The precise thermostat and internal sparging basket let you mash and boil in the same vessel saving you a fair whack of time in your brew day. The thermostat may be switched from Fahrenheit to Celsius and features an adjustable run time preset at 3-1/2 hours to allow for safety in case you get distracted by the Big Game!

A handy function is the delayed start timer, which allows you to program the Mash and Boil to turn on up to 24 hours after setting. For example, load it with strike water, and have it set to be hot when you come home from work to save even more time!

Here's some reviews from actual brewers who have used the Mash and Boil:

"Son and I wanted to step up to all-grain home brewing and this looked like a perfect way to do it: It is. So much easier from start to finish. Wort chiller fits in kettle and temperature display shows when ready: We’ve done 3 batches and love it!

"The time it takes to get to brewing temperatures is rather good. I use the low wattage setting to get to mash temperatures and the time it took was to my liking. To get to the boil temperature was rather slow but I am accustomed to a propane burner."

What are you waiting for, permission from your partner? Check out the price and delivery arrangments on Amazon.

Why do mash tuns need to use false bottoms?

If you simply extracted the wort from the tun using the exit valve the spent grain would quite likely collect at the exit point and block the extraction.

A false bottom is effective acts a filter or sieve to prevent the crushed grains from causing a blockage. The wort drains through the mash, past the sieve and into your draining vessel.

What are some good mash tun tricks?

• Limit your outflow from the tun to a trickle.
• It can take an hour to properly sparge your wort. Be patient.
• To help avoid a stuck sparge, make sure you mill your grain properly.
• Adding rice hulls can assist with preventing a blocked sparge.
• Fun fact: a hot sparge will kill any weevil in your grain

Leave a Comment all grain, beer brewing, lauter, mash, mash tun, sparge, wort

How to sparge your mash to collect the wort

Sparging

A lot of beer brewing is intuitive, you know you need malt and grains and you need to cook them up and you can sort of follow your nose from there.

But when I came across words like sparge and lautering I had no idea what on earth that means.

Once you know it's as simple in concept cracking open a well-earned beer.

Sparging is the process of separating the wort from the mash. Hot water is rinsed through to that as much of the sugars can be removed from the 'grain bed'.

And lautering? It's the same concept but is more a reference to the whole process itself and the movement of water. How about that eh?

While it is a simple idea, it's actually a three-step process if it's to be achieved properly.

Get ready to fire up those BTU on your gas burner!

But first, how do I know if my mash is ready to be sparged?

Your mash should have rested for an hour. This is so that the malt enzymes have had an opportunity to digest the starch into sugars. And Iodine test can be done for this. Take a sample from the mash and add a drop of iodine. 

If it goes black or purple, your mash needs more time.

If the iodine stays the same colour, your mash is ready.

Step 1 -  The Mashout

This is when you raise your mash to 170 degrees Fahrenheit or 77 Celcius. The reason for this temperature is that both stops the enzymatic conversion of starches to fermentable sugars, and makes the mash and wort more fluid and thus easier to sparge. 

To set this up, one pours the heated water into the mash tun. Slowly add the grist (crushed grain) to the water in the mash tun. You'll need to stir well the mash to prevent clumping. The temperature should stabilize at around 153 degrees.

You should then let the mash rest for an hour as the sugars are released from the grains and your wort forms.

If you undershoot the target mash temperature by more than 5° F, you may raise the mash temperature by adding heat. Stir the mash constantly while you are applying heat to avoid scorching.

Step 2 - Recirculation of the wort

The idea behind recirculation of the wort is to clear it of debris.

At first, it may seem odd that the idea is to put this cloudy liquid back into to the mash - well this is the beauty of recirculation,  the grain bed will begin to act as a filter and reduce the cloudiness of the runnings. This is why proper milling of the grain is so important so the husks can perform this task.

You may find your initial drawings from the lauter tun are cloudy and filled with what's known as  'draff' - these are small solid grain particles but repeated filtering through the grain will clear the wort.

To recirculate, your lauter tun should have a handy valve. Use it to collect the runoff in two clean intermediate vessels of say 1 quart or more in size.

As you are filling one vessel,  you are pouring the other gently down the side of the lauter tun. Keeping switching back and forth until the wort appears clear of debris.

This can take some time and you need to be patient and pour slowly.

You can now drain the wort into your kettle.

This process is sometimes called vorlauf.

Step 3 - The actual business of sparging

You can now 'rinse' the grain with fresh boiling hot water to collect any residual sugars. The water should be no more than 170°F to avoid tannins being released by the grains.

The trick is to work out the water required for the boil that matches your recipe.

Carefully add this second round of water to the grain mash and slowly drain it into the first wort you prepared.

Once fully drained, you are now ready to boil the wort as per your recipe.

This instructional video by the American Homebrewers Association is really well done and shows how straightforward the process is:

Do I have to sparge?

You do not, however, you will miss out on some efficiencies - a good deal of the potential fermentable sugars are not extracted from the mash,

If you are not sparging, you can simply drain the grain bed and get it ready for boiling by adding the required water.

Why should the sparge water temp not be higher than 180°F/82°C?

This is in order to avoid the extraction of tannins from the grain which is a chemical you simply do not want in your beer. Tannin can give your beer a kind of astringent taste and it simply ruins the drinking experience.

That said, a large factor is the ph level of your wort (which many suggest should be in the range of 5.2-5.8) as to whether you're gonna have a bad time with tannins or not.

Here are some ph meters that you may want to consider using.

Does milling grain technique affect the sparge?

A well milled and crushed grain will give you a good extraction efficiency.

A fine, but not too fine crush will offer more surface volume for the mashing process to release the sugars from the grain. If grains are crushed much then the grain bed can compact during the sparge which just disrupts the whole process.

If it's done just right, the grain better will act like its own filter and the lautering process should be straightforward. 

Can I simply cold water sparge?

Yes, you can. There are many brewers who swear that hot water sparges offer no greater utility than cold water efforts. Some brewers have done identical brewers, save for a hot or cold sparge and found when offering punters a blind taste test, they were unable to determine the difference. Go figure. 

I have also seen brewers suggest that a lower temperature will result in a lower body beer. Given body is quite a crucial party of the drinking experience, this is probably why most brewers sparge with hot water. 

I'd also suggest a higher temperature will mean you wort is more fluid and thus is more easily extracted from the grain bed - certainly, it will be a quicker process if your wort is not so viscous.

Your personal safety

When lautering and sparging you are using a lot of hot water, gas burners, mash tuns and kettles.

There are plenty of means and avenues for things to go wrong and you could literally end up getting burnt or scalded by hot water or wort.

Be careful. It's best to do your beer making in an area that gives you enough space. This is why many brewers often like to brew on an outside deck or sturdy table.

It's, of course, handy to teach children about the dangers of getting too close to gas burners and hot kettles. Better yet, you might want to keep the little ones away while the boil is on and when you are pouring hot water.

You yourself may wish to consider using some protective gloves and perhaps wear a waterproof apron and shoes!

While this may be teaching you to suck eggs, a new first-time brewer should be very mindful of these things. 

And for goodness sake, if you do burn yourself, get some cold water on the burn site pronto! Your skin is more important than your beer!

If I am doing a boil in a bag, do I need to sparge?

If you want to get all those sugars that might still be lurking in the bag, then it's wise to sparge.

Help, my mash has got clogged!

You may have over milled your grain and now the grain filter is too compact. This can also be caused by running the water off too fast. If this happens 's stop what you are doing and give the grain bed a gentle stir. Adding sum sparge water may help.

If things have gone really wrong, you may have to remove the mash, clean your tun and start again.

Leave a Comment grain, lauter, mash, mash tun, milling, sparge, vorlauf